Political Science

History
Federal Express known as FedEx is a US bases logistics Services Company whose headquarter is in Memphis. Frederick W. Smith In 1971 invested 91 million as a capital for a business enterprise. After he added 4 million more to his money he purchased a second-hand airline company named Little Rock in Arkansas. He started to use the airplanes to offer delivery services for envelopes and small parcels being delivered within the United States. Finally Smith named his business as Federal Express.

The company started its operation in April 1973. At that time FedEx owned 14 Dassault Falconaircraft and had nearly 400 workers. The services that were offered included overnight and two-day package delivering services and also Courier Pak. Sometime later the company started to experience financial crises and Smith was unable to cover the companys expenses. After his loan application was rejected he flew to Las Vegas and won a fortune at Black Jack table. In 1976 the company became profitable with an average quantity of 19,000 parcels per day. In 1977 the Us Govt. allowed the Federal Express to purchase their first large aircraft the Boeing 727. In 1978 the company was listed in the New York Stock Exchange. Federal Express started to use a centralized computer system to keep track of packages, weather, routes, employees and vehicles. In 1980 the company started to provide facilities in nearly 90 states. Federal Express started to establish hubs at different airports in the late 80s. In 1989 the company purchased to Flying Tiger Line to expand its international services. In 1994 Federal Express adopted the name FedEx and also launched their website and in 2000 the company officially dropped the Federal Express and became FedEx Corporation.

Managerial Aspects
Individuals involved at FedEx
The key individuals involved at FedEx involve
Frederick W. Smith who is the founder of FedEx and is the Chairman, President and CEO of FedEx. His responsibilities include giving tactical instructions to all of the FedEx Corporation operating Companies.
Michael Glenn who is the Executive Vice President of Market Development and Corporate Communications he controls all sales, marketing and communications across the FedEx operating companies.

Alan Graf who is the executive vice president and chief financial officer. His responsibility is to control all the financial aspects of FedEx Corporation.

Christine Richards who is the Executive vice president and General Counsel and Secretary of FedEx Corporation. She is responsible for making sure that FedEx Corporations worldwide activities are in accordance with global, national, state and regional government rules.

Robert Carter who is the Executive Vice President and Information Services and Chief Information Officer. He is responsible for placing technology direction, and also the companys key applications and technology framework.

Organizational Chart
The organization chart of the FedEx is given below

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

Project Manager and Team
The FedEx Corporation includes one chairman four vice presidents, four Chief Executive Officers, five international executives, and eleven other key executives.

Types of Cargo Transported
FedEx transports all types of cargo all over the world including from letters to parcels to houses to cargo containers. FedEx offers fast and most of the time same delivery depending on the destination. Before being transported the cargo is categorized into different categories and this categorization depends on what type of item is being transported, what is the size of the item, how long will it take to deliver the parcel. Shipments are generally categorized as domestic goods such as furniture or art pieces etc, parcel, express and cargo. Small enveloped or packages are termed as express shipments. Express shipments are usually delivered by air. Parcel shipments include big boxes and do not travel by air but are transported through road or rail.

Operation
Operational Philosophies
The major underlying philosophy of FedEx Corporation is to complete collectively, operate independently and manage collaboratively (Knudson, 2009). This philosophy is responsible for binding all the services of FedEx express together. Other underlying major operational philosophies of FedEx Corporation can be to provide 100 reliable service in less time period. The FedEx corporation also tries to link up the team members in such a way that they feel like an important part of the company. This philosophy makes the employees to work harder and to provide good results.

Market Served by FedEx
FedEx Corporation is situated in the United States. The hub of FedEx at Memphis is the head quarter of FedEx Corporation and it is responsible for providing the services to the country as well as too many other markets of the world like Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Europe, Central and South America, the Caribbean and China and so on. It is serving almost 220 countries and has provided a global access.

Types of Cargo
The FedEx delivers a wide range of cargoes across the world. FedEx is serving the world with different types of cargo like air cargo, shipping cargo, road cargo and so on. Hence ships, trucks, vans, airplanes all are being used for delivering the services to the customers. All types of cargo are being delivered across the world from letters to parcels.

Problems Limitations
Although FedEx is a very reliable and fast delivery service but still sometimes few limitations can be observed in the operations. The most commonly limitations or problems of FedEx have seem to be a delivery which is not made on time. Another problem with the FedEx operations is the increasing costs of operations which sometimes takes place because of having lack of coordination along the employees. Although these problems are observed only sometimes but still are very important and should be solved.

Business Relationships
Partners, alliances and pacts of FedEx
FedEx has done partnership with partners such as the American Express, Google Checkout, Amazon Services, GotVMail, Pitney Bowes, USAA and QuickBooks to offer its customer exclusive savings. FedEx gives its customers many intelligent ideas to save money daily and the customers can bring improvement in their business. They have formed alliances with several government institutions, financial, academic and insurance organizations and foreign trade associations that provide support and beneficial services along with high quality and economical prices. Besides that FedEx also gives special discount offers for small and medium sized customers that actively participate in the PyMex Ship and Save Program. Some alliances of FedEx include Concepta Engo, Partnership Yellow Pages Brazil, Seven Idiomas, INPG LICEX,Seu Sucesso, World Tariff, and PyMEx Ship  Save. FedEx has signed a pact with OfficeMax to offer local FedEx express and ground shipping services in over 900 OfficeMax stores opening this autumn as the struggling office-supply vendor looks to improve traffic at its stores. FedEx has also signed a pact with Prakash Airfreight Pvt. Ltd. (PaFex) and Wincor Nixdorf USA.

Code-Sharing, Joint Ventures
In 1999 FedEx Corp. and Tianjin-based Da Tian W. Air Service Corporation formed a joint venture in Beijing. The goal of this venture was to provide unmatched international express transport facilities for clients with delivery requirements to and from China. A code sharing venture was formed between FedEx Corp and Nippon Cargo Airline Ltd. (NCA).

Any Unique Agreements, arrangements etc
FedEx and its subsidiaries have agreed to enter into an alcohol shipping agreement in which FedEx will provide shipping facilities for alcohol and wine under certain conditions. Like for wine it is that the customer should be a licensed dealer, distributor, manufacturer etc. For alcohol it is that a licensed dealer, distributor, manufacturer etc can ship alcohol to other licensed dealer or distributor.

Company Resources
Vehicles and Employees
FedEx is providing its services in more than 210 countries of the world. The workforce of FedEx all around the world is estimated to be having 142,000 across the globe. The drop off locations is more than 44,700. When it comes to the vehicles then FedEx has 40,900 vehicles in all in the entire global network. Also it has got a 615 aircrafts available.

Main Airports Served by FedEx
As it has been discussed above that FedEx serves more than 210 countries all over the world. According to estimation more than Following are some of the main airports that are served by the FedEx
Central Japan International Airport.
Memphis international airport.
Toronto Pearson International Airport.
Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport.
Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport.
Miami International Airport.
Oakland International Airport.
Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport.
Newark Liberty International Airport
Indianapolis International Airport.
Fort Worth International Airport.

Biggest Customers
FedEx serves 211 countries of the world supplying millions of items per day. It has got number of customers but few of them can be termed as the biggest customers of FedEx. Few of the biggest customers of FedEx are United States postal services, Thaigem, Steve Irwin, IBM and EMEA automotive industry and so on.

Key Facilities
FedEx facilities are located almost all over the world. Facilities located at France, Paris, Netherlands and china recently located offices of fedEx. These new offices are supporting the company. All the offices are however becoming a chain to support the company. The needs of people can be supported with the growing branches It can match the worlds ever- changing needs. The expansion of fedEx will surely benefit its customers. Expansion of fedEx includes online fedEx trade tools and supply chain visibility. These facilities are recently added in companys plan. 14 new offices are being located in 2009.

Future Plans
The cargo airline of USA has also made many plans for its future development and improvement. In future, FedEx wants to establish the visibility is such a way that it may have multiple nodes. By having visibility on multiple nodes means to be visible at every division of the cargo airline from a single place. This will create a single platform for all the various services provided by the cargo airline. The various services or divisions may include FedEx freights, FedEx express, FedEx custom critical and FedEx ground and so on. This visibility will make it easier for the customers to track the information at a single place. This is possible when the information from all the operating services of FedEx is developed as a single unit of information which will be tracked by the customers. If this goal is achieved then the customers would not have to look the different web sites of different services of FedEx in order to view their tracking information. This plan will not only enhance the accessibility of the customers by providing them a single interface but it will also increase the collaboration among the different operating services. Other future plans of the FedEx Express may include the increment in the profits every year. The cargo airline wants to increase this revenue or profit by 10 percent almost. It is also desired that the strategies should be developed that may increase the flow of cash within the company. The operations should be performed in such a way that the return over these operations can get maximum. FedEx Express also wants to grow its network by covering more geographical locations.

Summary
In this paper we have made an analysis of the managerial side of FedEx operations. FedEx is considered to be the best courier service in the world. The network of FedEx is very strong which provides it access to the entire globe. FedEx has established a very effective network of transportation, information services, business and supply chain. In the paper we have also discussed the history of FedEx which states that how this company has made progress and grew in to a large cargo airline service. In this paper we have mainly focused over the managerial side and for this reason we have also provided the organizational chart of FedEx along with the introduction to the key people involved in it. The biggest customers as well as the main airports where the services are being provided by FedEx have also been given in this paper. It has also been discussed that what the future plans of this company are. These plans clearly states that the company aims to progress more by introducing innovative ways for improving the coordination and collaboration.