Political Science

There are a number of security related challenges which are always related to the manner in which various organizational and urgency disasters, urgencies, and other  issues are managed. Fire, plane crashes, hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, accidents, and road accidents are some of the common disasters that could be suffered either by individual persons or by both large and small scale organizations (Alexander 2002). The four phases of disaster management implementation include the mitigation phase, response phase, preparedness and the recovery phases.

Survey of Emergency and Disaster Management
Different kinds of disaster and emergencies are best controlled by different phases of disaster management and control mechanisms. The mitigation phase, for instance, is normally put in to usage ones a given disaster has already occurred. This could best be used in cases where a hurricane wind has taken place. Wisner, Blaikie, Cannon, Davis (2004) argues that in such circumstances, there is always the dire need to ensure that the harm caused by the already existing disaster is minimized. This phase could therefore entail taking people from the hurricane prone zones to fairly same regions. Technological solutions could be employed in cases where the migration of the hurricane disaster needs technological communication to talk to the concerned people and inform them of the existing safe regions among offering other rescue measures.

On the other hand, the response phase entails ensuring that the disaster, such as a huge fire burning a building, is not prevented or simply mitigated, but that people and other resources are safeguarded from total harm. Firefighters, emergency doctors, and ambulance vehicles are normally used in rescuing people in circumstances of harmful fire. Police could also be called upon to enhance security for the property of the individuals facing the fire disaster. However, the preparedness phase entails strategies to ensure that individuals are made to be ready for any disaster that could occur. According to Dynes (2006), for constant population growth that tend to pose danger, the preparedness phase could be utilized to ensure that the population is controlled to avert any disaster such as food shortage, lack of medical services, poor health and shelter conditions due to strain on the scarce resources. People are thus trained and fully get prepared to deal with any occurrence of such disaster.
The recovery phase is mainly applied in situations where a disaster has already occurred. For a catastrophic disaster such as landslides and earthquakes which have already occurred, this phase of recovery could be used by relocating the few survivors from the disaster and proving them with the vital basic needs in order for them to resume their normal living standards.

Importance of leadership and Training exercises
It is always very crucial for people and organizations of any sort to be prepared for any disaster which may occur. This depends on the environmental factors and the nature of business in which the business organization ventures into. Proper leadership, advance training and laying down of readiness measures help the organization to save on the money and other resources that would otherwise be used in recovery measures. It also helps maintain business customers, reduce stress levels, and saves the corporate image of an organization (Dynes 2006).

Leadership Training Importance
Confusion, tension, drastic decision making, lack of organization and poor-unrealistic decision making processes are some of the problems and situations which are normally witnessed in cases of disaster and emergencies. Proper leadership and training of all stakeholders on the management and mitigation of disaster and emergencies thus help to avoid such problems. Timely and professional emergency responses also helps to save n the cost and time used in managing emergency thus increasing efficiency and effectiveness in an organization.

Conclusion
From the above analysis, it is very evident that proper strategies should always be laid down in order for individual persons and organizations to adequately manage disaster in the most efficient and cost effective manner possible.